In oncology, especially in the case of pathologies with limited therapeutic alternatives, drugs are increasingly approved on the basis of potentially relevant but early evidence, with limited long-term efficacy and tolerability data. In the countries of the European Union, access to these medicines in the period between the publication of the evidence (phase 2/3), the approval by the EMA and the completion of the reimbursement process is today a serious and complex problem which unfortunately creates significant inequalities from country to country.